But recent figures released by some local authorities show that, despite having being able to dish out fines to idling motorists, few have actually been issued.
Children exposed to a third more toxic car fumes than adults.
The announcement by Nottingham City Council follows similar moves by authorities in Norwich, Reading and London, which each began issuing penalties at the start of 2018.
It is estimated that around 30 local authorities in total now have rules in place to target idling drivers, with most handing out on-the-spot fines particularly around sensitive areas like schools and hospitals.
Westminster City Council fines motorists £80 for leaving their engines running, but figures show they have dished out just 28 fines over the last 12 months.
Neighbouring authority Kensington and Chelsea has proved to be even less effective at targeting culprits, penalising just one solitary motorist during the 15 years since the fines have been in place.